Solar panels leave a smaller carbon footprint than other fossil fuels and coal-fired energy plants. Their carbon footprints are less than 0.06 percent. But this is not the exact figure, since panels have a different carbon footprint. The carbon footprint of solar panels is affected by several factors including manufacturing processes, materials, and shipping methods.
Less than 0.06% of CO2 emissions compared to coal-fired energy
Solar panels, wind power and coal have much lower carbon footprints than solar panels. Solar and wind energy produce less than six grams of carbon equivalent for every kWh. For comparison, the amount of CO2 equivalent that coal-fired fuel emits per kWh is over eight grams. The calculation also takes into consideration the life-cycle costs.
Below is a graph showing the lifecycle emissions of greenhouse gases associated with one unit of electricity produced by different fuels in an environment with 2 degrees Celsius. It is broken up by source. The results from the IPCC latest assessment are shown in the light blue ranges. The graph also includes technological advances, particularly solar, which are getting more efficient.
Low carbon footprint, compared with fossil fuels
Solar panels and other renewable sources have a very low carbon footprint compared to fossil fuels. But, the price of solar and wind power is slightly higher than those of fossil fuels. The cost of solar energy is 19c per KWH and wind power six cents. However, the combined cost of gas and fossil fuels is only 3 cents higher than solar.
Solar power has some emissions. It also leaves an environmental footprint when it is used to extract and process the materials. There is also some impact on the environment during delivery and construction, but the lifetime emissions of solar energy are much lower than those from fossil fuels. The US-based National Renewable Energy Laboratory estimates that solar panels' lifetime carbon footprint is around 40 grams CO2 equivalent per unit of electricity generated. Nature Energy did another study, and concluded that solar panels have a lower carbon footprint than 21g CO2 eq/kWh.
Solar panels are made from electricity sources
Solar panels work by converting solar radiation into electricity. Photovoltaic (PV) is the name of this process. A solar panel contains many solar cells, sandwiched between layers of clear adhesive film. The panels are held in place by a frame and a backsheet of aluminum. The panels emit light through the backsheet, which is then converted to electricity in a junction box.
Solar panels are most effective when it is sunny and clear. Their efficiency doesn't decrease if it is cold. Although they are less effective on cloudy days, colder weather can increase PV performance.
Solar panels made of materials
Solar panels can leave a significant carbon footprint due to the materials they are made from. These materials can be derived from fossil fuels or mines. Manufacturing, transport, and mining can all result in large carbon emissions. In order to reduce carbon emissions, the industry is searching for greener ways to produce solar panels.
One of the most important raw materials for solar panels is coal. A single panel is made up of approximately 11 tons coal. The coal-burning power plant produces 10 tons of ash per tonne of coal. The chemicals used in solar panel production emit dioxins. This can have a negative impact on human reproduction, development, immunity system, and even cause cancer. In addition, solar panels are connected to transmission lines and electric systems, and the electricity generated from photovoltaic cells flows out to consumers via the power grid.
Methods to reduce solar panels' carbon footprint
Solar panels are one of the most sustainable sources of energy, but the production process also has a significant impact on the environment. Solar panels' production, transport, and mining all contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. But the overall carbon footprint of solar panels is comparatively small compared to fossil fuels. The solar panels' long life span will also mean that they have a lower carbon footprint.
There are many ways to reduce the carbon footprint for solar panels. You can sell the excess electricity back to your local grid. This will reduce your energy consumption and lower your monthly bill. If this is something you are thinking about, make sure to compare tariffs from different energy providers. To save electricity, you can also use inbuilt timers.